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Visual looming syndrome
Visual looming syndrome is a problem with visual perception that causes people to inaccurately think that a stationery object is moving towards them, and might poke their eyes.
It is a neurological and muscular state, where the differences of the eye coordination causes the brain to interpret the incoming information, as a visual looming event (feeling the object is approaching and might hit the eye). Because this condition is muscular in nature, that means everything that affects the eye cooperation to fail, such as being tired, under the influence of narcotics or alcohol, eye pressure or even minor differences in the eyesight (e.g. nearsightedness), may be the cause of an episode. The trigger is usually a narrow or pointy object, which is near enough, or in front of undetermined or busy background, to cause the confusion to happen in the eyes. Some peer to peer studies have indicated, that certain conditions such as nyctalopia or night blindness may worsen the syndrome.〔Schiff, W., "Perception of impending collision; a study of visually directed avoidant behavior." Psychological Monographs, 1965, 79 Whole #604.〕
== Background ==
''Looming'' is a term used in the study of perception, as it relates directly to psychology.〔Schiff, W., Caviness, J.A., & Gibson, J.J. "Persistent fear responses in rhesus monkeys to the optical stimulus of 'looming'." Science, 1962, 136, 982-983.〕 Looming refers to the rapid expansion in the size of any given image. As the image becomes increasingly large on the perceiver's retina, i.e., when an object ''looms'', there is an automatic physiological response to perceive the object as an approaching object or surface, instead of one that is stationary or receding. The type of mirage described as looming, in which distant objects appear much nearer than they actually are, is explained in the same way as the image of the ship, except that the image is not inverted; the density variations may also act as a magnifying glass.
''Visual looming'', which is the expansion of the projection size of an object on the retina, is usually the indication of an approaching object.〔Field D.T., Wann J.P.(2005). Perceiving time to collision activates the sensorimotor cortex. Current Biology, 15, 1–20〕 It is normally perceived as a threat for a possible collision and is sufficient to elicit avoidance and escape behaviors in animals.〔(Schiff, GibsonCaviness et al.1962 )〕 Also using the same basic principles in robotics have been successful.〔Sahin, Erol, "Visual Looming". Quantitative analysis of visual looming in Boston University Neurobotic〕
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